This chapter covers team sports such as Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Judo, and Wrestling, detailing their rules, history, gameplay, and fundamental skills, providing insights into India's popular indigenous and international combative sports.
Kabaddi is a traditional Indian game played by two teams of 7 players each, where players of one team (Raiders) enter the opponent's court to tag members of the opposing team while holding their breath and chanting "Kabaddi, Kabaddi." It is known for its simplicity in terms of required equipment and playing area.
Kabaddi likely has its origins in prehistoric times as a self-defense drill against predators. Moreover, some scholars suggest it is linked to Chakravyuha from the Mahabharata. The game gained formal recognition when it was demonstrated in the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The All India Kabaddi Federation formed in 1950 helped standardize the game, followed by the establishment of the Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India in 1973.
Players must wear appropriate attire, refrain from body oils, and maintain nail hygiene to prevent injuries.
Kho-Kho is another indigenous sport where one team chases and another team runs. Teams alternate roles in a match of 9-minute innings.
Kho-Kho can trace its origins to ancient chariot games in Maharashtra. Its rules were standardized in the early 20th century, and it was exhibited in the 1936 Olympics.
The Kho-Kho court is rectangular, measuring 27m x 16m. Positioned centrally are wooden poles, with specific lanes and zones marked out.
Judo is a martial art and Olympic sport emphasizing throwing, grappling, and submission techniques.
Founded by Jigoro Kano around the late 19th century, Judo evolved from jujutsu. Its competitive form was introduced in 1910, gaining Olympic status in 1964.
Matches are overseen by a referee and two judges. Competitors (Judokas) aim to score points through various techniques, using a uniform (judogi) that allows for gripping.
Wrestling, one of the oldest combat sports, features various grappling techniques including clinching and throws.
Wrestling has deep roots in Indian culture, with historical references found in epics like the Mahabharata. Modern wrestling gained popularity during British rule and continues to be prominent today.
Wrestling is categorized into Freestyle and Greco-Roman, with the key difference being leg attacks. Matches take place on a mat with set weight categories for competitors.
Points can be scored through various maneuvers like takedowns and exposures, with penalties for passivity or illegal moves.
Understanding these sports fosters appreciation for their historical context, rules, and the strategies involved in competition. More importantly, they highlight India's rich legacy in traditional and combative sports.